Mechanism of Action & Pharmacology:

• Sesquiterpene lactones (also referred to as taraxacin) are a form of flavonoid that create an osmotic diuretic effect and are unique to the plant (mostly in leaf). They also contribute to the bitter compounds that help stimulate digestive secretions & peristalsis, and may help improve fat (including cholesterol) metabolism in the liver.
• Polysaccharides & Inulin (mostly in root) activates complement, thus contributing to the anti-inflammatory, & immune-enhancing properties (extracts induce nitric oxide synthase in macrophages).
• Triterpenes sterols in root bear a close structural similarity to cholesterol, which may in part explain the ability to increase the solubility of bile. Triterpenoid taraxasterol has exhibited powerful inhibitory effect on Herpes Simplex, Epstein-Barr early antigen and experimental mammary tumours.
• Leaves are high in potassium, replacing potassium lost in diuresis, thus exerting a potassium-sparing effect.
• Bitter compounds in the leaves and root help stimulate digestion, relieve dyspepsia and have a mild laxative effect.

Pharmacy:

• Decoction (root)
• Infusion (leaf)
• Tincture
• Capsule
• As food or coffee substitute

Safety & Toxicity Concerns:

• Generally very safe herb. However, case reports of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis to ingested bee pollen containing dandelion pollen exist.
• Avoid in known allergy to Asteraceae family.
• Use caution in weak or inflamed digestive organs, as it may cause dyspepsia, flatulence, pain, and diarrhea.
• Use caution in biliary obstruction/inflammation, gallstones, renal disorders (may increase potassium & alter electrolytes).

Interactions:

• May antagonize antacids and quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin).
• May have additive effects with diuretics, anti-platelet agents, anti-diabetic agents, steroids and supplemental potassium.