Mechanism of Action & Pharmacology:

• High iodine content may promote Thyroid hormone (T3 & T4) production.
• Fucoidan may modulate fibroblast proliferation.
• Algal polyphenols (Fucoidans and polyphloroglucinols) have anti-inflammatory activity.
• Fucoidans have been shown to have a range of anti-inflammatory effects, inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and suppress angiogenesis in thyroid cancer cells.

Pharmacy:

• Dried Herb
• Tincture
• Fresh kelp as food
• Topically as lotion, liniment or poultice

Safety & Toxicity Concerns:

• May produce stomach upset and changes in urination, bleeding time, blood pressure, and menstruation.
• Iodine hypersensitivity reaction may include rash, angioedema, fever, arthralgia.
• Contraindicated above culinary amounts in pregnancy & lactation, and excessive thyroid activity (hyperthyroidism).
• Avoid in known allergy to seaweeds.

Interactions:

• Avoid with hyperthyroid medication (e.g. carbimazole) as may decrease effectiveness of drug due to natural iodine content.
• May have additive effects with thyroid replacement therapies (e.g. thyroxine).
• Use caution with anticoagulants & anti-diabetic agents due to antiplatelet activity (theoretical).
• Potential risk for reduced bioavailability of amidarone, estrogens, and may increase effects of laxatives.