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A slender branch with small, unopened light green flowers and smooth leaves curves against a blurred green background.

Chinese thorowax (Chai Hu)

Constituents: Triterpenoid saponins (saikosaponins or saikosides) Polysaccharides (bupleurans) Flavonoids (rutin) Coumarins Polyacetylenes Polyhydroxy sterols Trihydroxy fatty acids Medicinal actions: Adaptogen Anti-inflammatory Hepatoprotective Immuno-modulator & stimulant Nervine Tonic & Nervous System…

Radish, with lush leaves, displays labeled nutritional content: leaves and stems have carbohydrates, crude protein, ash, crude fiber; roots contain carbohydrates, ash, crude protein, potassium, crude fiber; sprouts include dehydroerucin, glucoraphenin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin.

Chinese/Korean ginseng

Constituents: Triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides/ginpanaxosides): protopanaxatriols (Rg1, Rg2, Rf & Re) & protopanaxadiol (Rc, Rd, Rb1 & Rb2) Steroidal saponins Polysaccharides (glycans) Acetylenic alcohols (panaxynol and panaxydol) & polyacetylenes (ginsenoynes A-K)…

A wooden bowl of walnuts drizzled with honey sits on a rustic table, surrounded by dried fruits, berries, and corn husks.

Cinnamon (Ceylon, True Cinnamon)

Constituents: Volatile oil (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and methyleugenol & linalool) Flavonoids: Methylhydroxychalcone polymers Tannins Coumarins Medicinal actions: Antimicrobial Antioxidant Astringent Carminative & Antispasmodic Hemostatic Hypoglycemic Mechanism of Action & Pharmacology: Volatile…

Vertical green plants stand amidst dense vegetation, reaching upward with slender stems and narrow leaves, illuminated by bright sunlight in an outdoor garden setting.

Cleavers

Constituents: Polyphenolic acids (caffeic, gallic, chlorogenic, cinnamic, p-coumaric, salicylic & citric) Iridoid glycosides (asperuloside) Tannins (gallotannic acid) Coumarins Flavonoids (Quercetin & luteolin) Volatile oils (palmitic acid, hexadecanoic) Vitamin C, B5…

A large white arrow points right on a plain black background, symbolizing direction or movement.

Clove

Constituents: Volatile oil: eugenol, eugenin, caryophyllin & beta-carophyllene Fixed oil Tannins Gum/Resin Medicinal actions: Analgesic Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Anti-platelet Carminative & Antispasmodic Cytotoxic Mechanism of Action & Pharmacology: Volatile oil,…

Various dried herbs and flowers, including yellow, pink, and purple varieties, rest in burlap sacks, displayed together in a rustic setting.

Codonopsis Root

Constituents:1-5 Polysaccharides (inulin and oligosaccharides) Triterpenes & Sesquiterpenes Polyynes (choushenpilosulynes A–C) and Polyacetylene glycosides (e.g. Lobetyolin) Phenylpropanoid glycosides (e.g. tangshenosides) Alkaloids (e.g. codonopsine, codonopsinine) Flavonoids Coumarins Protein & amino acids…

A person chops fresh herbs on a wooden cutting board in a kitchen. Nearby, there are various vegetables, bread, and a pineapple, indicating meal preparation.

Coleus

Constituents: Diterpenoids (labdane type: forskolin/coleanol & deoxyforskolin) Triterpenoids: lupeol, coleolic acid, oleanolic acid Phytosterols (beta-sitosterol) Volatile oils Medicinal actions: Anti-inflammatory Anti-platelet Anti-viral Cytotoxic Hypotensive Bronchodilator Thermogenic agent (lipolysis stimulator &…

A yellow flower with long stamens extending outward, situated against a black background, showcasing bright elongated petals and slender green stems.

Collinsonia Root

Constituents:1-4 Flavonoids Polyphenolics & caffeic acid derivatives (e.g. rosmarinic acid) Volatile oils including thymol, carvacrol, and caryophyllene Saponins including akeboside, collinsonidin and collinsogenin Tannins Resin Mucilage Medicinal Actions: Anti-inflammatory Antispasmodic…

Diagram of a human silhouette highlights the endocannabinoid system in green and red, surrounded by chemical structure diagrams. Text: "The Endocannabinoid System & Its Regulation by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Full Spectrum Hemp Oils."

Couch Grass (Triticum)

Constituents: Saponins Carbohydrates & Polysaccharides (including Inulin, Triticin, Inositol, Mannitol) & Mucilage Coumarins Flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside & baicaleine) Iridoids Phenocarboxylic acids (chlorogenic and p-hydroxycinnamic acids) Vitamins (Vitamins C & Beta-carotene)…

Chart displays adequate intakes for Omega-3s by age group, gender, pregnancy, and lactation. Values range from 0.5 g to 1.6 g for different categories, with specific amounts listed and some columns empty.

Cramp Bark

Constituents: Salicylates (e.g. salicin) Coumarins (scopoletin & scopaline) Tannins & Phenolic acids (cinnamic & benzoic acid derivatives, including caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic acid, gallic, ellagic & syringic) Sesquiterpenes (Viopudial & Viburtinal)…